I was saddams doctor pdf free download

En , R. En , M. En , J. Por fallecimiento de alguno de los socios. Objetivos Generales 1. Descubrir errores e irregularidades.

Auditores Externos 1. Examinar los Estados Financieros. Propietarios, accionistas. Inversionistas futuros accionistas o acreedores. Gobierno Federal. Empleados y obreros. Auditores Internos. Auditores Gubernamentales. Jorge Arturo Herrera observando que el ejercicio de los recursos por los entes gubernamentales se realice de acuerdo a la normatividad aplicable al caso.

Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Rather than the snarling beast they expect, Saddam proves confoundingly complex — voluble, charming and given to surprising displays of affection.

Perhaps most shockingly, in his Spartan stoicism and the courage he shows in facing death he eventually becomes a role model. The magic of this book is that Bardenwerper keeps us on edge even though we know how it will end. We immediately sense that the Super Twelve will be forever changed by their experience, and we wonder if we ourselves will.

File Name: download the prisoner in his palace pdf. After making some initial gains, Iraq's troops began to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By , Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations.

Iraq quickly found itself bogged down in one of the longest and most destructive wars of attrition of the twentieth century. During the war, Iraq used chemical weapons against Iranian forces fighting on the southern front and Kurdish separatists who were attempting to open up a northern front in Iraq with the help of Iran. These chemical weapons were developed by Iraq from materials and technology supplied primarily by West German companies. Saddam reached out to other Arab governments for cash and political support during the war, particularly after Iraq's oil industry severely suffered at the hands of the Iranian navy in the Persian Gulf.

Iraq successfully gained some military and financial aid, as well as diplomatic and moral support, from the Soviet Union, China, France, and the United States, which together feared the prospects of the expansion of revolutionary Iran's influence in the region.

The Iranians, claiming that the international community should force Iraq to pay war reparations to Iran, refused any suggestions for a cease-fire. They continued the war until , hoping to bring down Saddam's secular regime and instigate a Shi'ite rebellion in Iraq. On March 16, , the Kurdish town of Halabja was attacked with a mix of mustard gas and nerve agents, killing 5, civilians, and maiming, disfiguring, or seriously debilitating 10, more.

The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, [19] but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack [20] and US analysts the claim until several years later. The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties; perhaps upwards of 1.

Faced with rebuilding Iraq's infrastructure, Saddam desperately sought out cash once again, this time for postwar reconstruction. The desperate search for foreign credit would eventually humiliate the strongman [ citation needed ] who had long sought to dominate Arab nationalism throughout the Middle East.

The end of the war with Iran served to deepen latent tensions between Iraq and its wealthy neighbor Kuwait.

Saddam saw his war with Iran as having spared Kuwait from the imminent threat of Iranian domination. Since the struggle with Iran had been fought for the benefit of the other Gulf Arab states as much as for Iraq, he argued, a share of Iraqi debt should be forgiven.

To raise money for postwar reconstruction, Saddam sought to increase oil revenue by having oil-exporting countries cut back oil production, in order to rise the price of oil. Meanwhile, Saddam showed disdain for the Kuwait-Iraq boundary line. One of the few articles of faith uniting the political scene in a nation rife with sharp social, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic divides was the belief that Kuwait had no right to even exist in the first place [ citation needed ]. For at least half a century, Iraqi nationalists were espousing emphatically the belief that Kuwait was historically an integral part of Iraq, and that Kuwait had only come into being through the maneuverings of British imperialism [ citation needed ].

The colossal extent of Kuwaiti oil reserves also intensified tensions in the region. The oil reserves of Kuwait with a population of a mere 2 million next to Iraq's 25 were roughly equal to those of Iraq.

Saddam further alleged that the Kuwait slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Given that at the time Iraq was not regarded as a pariah state, Saddam was able to complain about the alleged slant drilling to the U.

State Department. Although this had continued for years, Saddam now needed oil money to stem a looming economic crisis. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq-Kuwait border. As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam was receiving conflicting information about how the U.

For one, Washington had been taking measures to cultivate a constructive relationship with Iraq for roughly a decade. The U. The transcript, however, does not show any statement of approval of, acceptance of, or foreknowledge of the invasion [ citation needed ]. Later, Iraq and Kuwait then met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait.

On August 2, , Saddam invaded and annexed the emirate of Kuwait. President George H. Bush responded cautiously for the first several days after the invasion. On the one hand, Iraq, prior to this point, had been a virulent enemy of Israel and was allied with the Soviets implying that they might support him.

Britain had a close historical relationship with Kuwait, dating back to British colonialism in the region, and also benefited from billions of dollars in Kuwaiti investment.

Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union made possible the passage of resolutions in the United Nations Security Council giving Iraq a deadline to leave Kuwait and approving the use of force if Saddam did not comply with the timetable.

Accordingly, the U. During the period of negotiations and threats following the invasion, Saddam raised the subject of the Palestinian problem by promising to withdraw his forces from Kuwait if Israel would relinquish the occupied territories in the West Bank, the Golan Heights, and the Gaza Strip.

Saddam's proposal further split the Arab world, pitting U. The allies ultimately rejected any connection between the Kuwait crisis and Palestinian issues. Saddam ignored the Security Council deadline. With the unanimous consent of the Security Council, a U. Israel, though subjected to attack by Iraqi missiles, refrained from retaliating in order not to provoke Arab states into leaving the coalition.

A ground force comprised largely of U. Before leaving, Saddam ordered Kuwaiti oil fields set ablaze. On March 6, , referring to the conflict, Bush announced: "What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea - a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law.

In the end, the over-manned and ill-equipped Iraqi army proved unable to compete on the battlefield with the highly mobile coalition land forces and their overpowering air support. As part of the cease-fire agreement, Iraq agreed to abandon all chemical and biological weapons and allow UN observers to inspect the sites. UN trade sanctions would remain in effect until Iraq complied with all terms. In the aftermath of the fighting, social and ethnic unrest among Shi'a Muslims, Kurds, and dissident military units threatened the stability of Saddam's government.

Uprisings began in the Kurdish north and Shi'a southern and central parts of Iraq, but were quelled in short order. In the BBC reported that as many as 30, were killed during those rebellions. The United States, after urging the Iraqi people to rise up and overthrow Saddam, did nothing to assist those who did. Further playing into the plans of Saddam, the US unwittingly loosened rules on helicopter flights in the no-fly zones allowing Saddam's remaining military force to easily put down the rebellions.

Saddam, having survived the immediate crisis in the wake of defeat and a car crash, which left a small scar in his face and an injury on a finger, according to his now defected personal doctor, was left firmly in control of Iraq, although the country never recovered either economically or militarily from the Persian Gulf War. This message earned Saddam a great deal of popularity in many sectors of the Arab world.

Saddam increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Elements of Sharia law were re-introduced, such as the edict imposing the executions for sodomy, rape, and prostitution, the legalization of honor killings, and the ritual phrase Allahu Akbar God is greatest , was added to the Iraq national flag in Saddam Hussein's handwriting.

Bush during a visit to Kuwait. Kuwaiti security forces apprehended a group of Iraqis at the scene of an alleged bombing attempt. On June 26, , the U. The UN sanctions placed upon Iraq when it invaded Kuwait were not lifted, blocking Iraqi oil exports. This caused immense hardship in Iraq and virtually destroyed the Iraqi economy and state infrastructure.

Only smuggling across the Syrian border and humanitarian aid the UN Oil-for-Food Programme ameliorated the humanitarian crisis. Isolated military strikes by U. Charges of Iraqi impediment to UN inspection of sites thought to contain illegal weapons were claimed as the reasons for crises between and , culminating in intensive U. After two years of intermittent activity, U.

Saddam's support base of Tikriti tribesmen, family members, and other supporters were divided after the war. In the following years, this contributed to the government's increasingly repressive and arbitrary nature. Domestic repression inside Iraq grew worse, and Saddam's sons, Uday Hussein and Qusay Hussein, became increasingly powerful and carried out a private reign of terror.

They likely had a leading hand when, in August , two of Saddam Hussein's sons-in-law Hussein Kamel and Saddam Kamel , who held high positions in the Iraqi military, defected to Jordan. Both were killed after returning to Iraq the following February. Iraqi cooperation with UN weapons inspection teams was questioned on several occasions during the s and UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Richard Butler withdrew his team from Iraq in November citing Iraqi non-cooperation, without the permission of the UN, although a UN spokesman subsequently stated that "the bulk of" the Security Council supported the move.

This was supported by reports in the Washington Post and the Boston Globe, citing anonymous sources, which said that Butler had known of and co-operated with a US electronic eavesdropping operation that allowed intelligence agents to monitor military communications in Iraq.

After a crisis ensued and the U. Butler had given a report the UN Security Council on 15 December in which he expressed dissatisfaction with the level of compliance. Three out of five of the Permanent Members of the U.

Security Council subsequently objected to Butler's withdrawal. Butler reported in his biography that U. Ambassador Peter Burleigh, acting on instructions from Washington, suggested he pull his team from Iraq in order to protect them from the forthcoming U. Saddam continued to loom large in American consciousness as a major threat to Western allies such as Israel and oil-rich Saudi Arabia, to Western oil supplies from the Gulf states, and to Middle East stability generally.

President Bill Clinton maintained economic sanctions, as well as air patrols in the "Iraqi no-fly zones". Following the issuance of a UN report detailing Iraq's failure to cooperate with inspections, Clinton authorized Operation Desert Fox, a three-day air-strike to hamper Saddam's weapons-production facilities and hit sites related to weapons of mass destruction. Several journalists have reported on Saddam's ties to anti-Israeli and Islamic terrorism prior to Saddam was also known to have had contacts with Palestinian terrorist groups.

It is the official assessment of the U. Intelligence Community that contacts between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda over the years did not lead to a collaborative relationship.

The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence was able to find evidence of only one such meeting, as well as evidence of two occasions "not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has found no other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq.

The resolution urged Iraq to disarm or face "serious consequences. With the intent to avoid an all out war, the United States made at least two attempts to kill Saddam using targeted air strikes with smart bombs; however, the strikes were based on faulty intelligence. Saddam appeared on television the next day, confirming that he was still alive. This notwithstanding, Iraqi military and government completely collapsed within three weeks of the March 20 beginning of the invasion of Iraq, and by early April, Coalition forces led by the United States occupied much of Iraq.

With resistance to invading forces largely neutralized, it was apparent Saddam's control over Iraq was lost. When Baghdad fell to the coalition forces on April 9, he was still seen in videos purportedly in the Baghdad suburbs surrounded by supporters. As the US forces were occupying the Republican Palace and other central landmarks and ministries on April 9, Saddam Hussein emerged from his command bunker beneath the Al A'Zamiyah district of northern Baghdad and greeted excited members of the local public.

The walkabout was captured on film and broadcast several days after the event on Al-Arabiya Television and was also witnessed by ordinary people who corroborated the date afterwards. He was accompanied by bodyguards and other loyal supporters including at least one of his sons and his personal secretary.

After the walkabout, Saddam returned to his bunker and made preparations for his family. According to his eldest daughter Raghad Hussein he was, by this point, aware of the "betrayal" of a number of key figures involved in the defense of Baghdad.

There was a lot of confusion between Iraqi commanders in different sectors of the capital and communication between them and Saddam and between Saddam and his family were becoming increasingly difficult. This version of events is supported by Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf, the former Information Minister who struggled to know what was happening after the US captured Saddam International Airport.

The Americans had meanwhile started receiving rumours that Saddam was in Al A'Zamiyah and at dawn on April 10 they dispatched three companies of US Marines to capture or kill him. As the Americans closed in, and realising that Baghdad was lost, Saddam arranged for cars to collect his eldest daughters, Raghad and Rana, and drive them to Syria.

His wife Sajida Talfah and youngest daughter Hala had already left Iraq several weeks prior. Raghad Hussein stated in an interview for Panorama :. Then according to the testimony of a former bodyguard Saddam Hussein dismissed almost his entire staff:. After this he changed out of his uniform and with only two bodyguards to guard him, left Baghdad in a plain white Oldsmobile and made his way to a specially prepared bunker in Dialah on the northern outskirts of the city.

Ayad Allawi in interview stated that Saddam stayed in the Dialah bunker for three weeks as Baghdad and the rest of Iraq were occupied by US forces. Initially he and his entourage used satellite telephones to communicate with each other. As this became more risky they resorted to sending couriers with written messages. One of these couriers was reported to have been his own nephew. However, their cover was given away when one of the couriers was captured and Saddam was forced to evacuate the Dialah bunker and resorted to changing location every few hours.

There were numerous sightings of him in Beiji, Baquba and Tikrit to the north of Baghdad over the next few months as he shuttled between safe houses disguised as a shepherd in a plain taxi. How close he came to being captured during this period may never be made public.

Sometime in the middle of May he moved to the countryside around his home town of Tikrit. A series of audio tapes claiming to be from Saddam were released at various times, although the authenticity of these tapes remains uncertain. Saddam Hussein was at the top of the U.

In June in a joint raid by special operations forces and the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment of 1st Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, the former president's personal secretary Abid Hamid Mahmud Ace of Diamonds in the playing card deck of regime figures and number 4 on the most-wanted list after Saddam and his sons Uday and Qusay , was captured.